[Systematic review and mechanistic exploration of "intelligence three-needling" in treatment of Alzheimer's disease].

The "intelligence three-needling" therapy, developed by Professor JIN Rui, the eminent acupuncture- moxibustion master in the south of Five Ridges, is effective on cognitive dysfunction in practice. The paper reviews the animal experiment researches of Alzheimer's disease (AD) treated with this therapy, aiming to explain its core mechanism and effect characteristics for AD. The results showed that the "intelligence three-needling" therapy exerts its effect through multiple targets and diverse pathways. It improves cholinergic system function, enhances glucose metabolism in brain regions, reduces oxidative stress damage, suppresses neuroinflammation, regulates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, promotes autophagy-lysosomal clearance of pathological proteins, activates the transmembrane receptor protein (Notch) pathway to strengthen synaptic plasticity, demonstrates neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic effects, and modulates gut microbiota. In experiments, this therapy demonstrated specific effect in brain regions of 5xFAD mouse models. Compared with the single application at "Benshen" (GB13) or "Shenting" (GV24), the acupoint combination in this therapy displayed the synergistic advantages, regulating more comprehensively adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase network. This review provides the theoretical basis for optimizing the protocol of acupuncture and moxibustion for AD, and is conducive to promoting the deep integration of traditional acupuncture-moxibustion therapy with modern neuroscience. “智三针”由岭南针灸名家靳瑞教授创立，在认知功能障碍的临床治疗中疗效明确。本文系统回顾了“智三针”治疗阿尔茨海默病（AD）的动物实验研究，旨在阐明其治疗AD的核心机制与效应特点。结果显示，“智三针”通过以下多靶点、多通路发挥治疗作用：改善胆碱能系统功能、增强脑区葡萄糖代谢、减轻氧化应激损伤、抑制神经炎症、调节无翼型相关整合位点（Wnt）/β-连环蛋白（β-catenin）通路、促进自噬-溶酶体途径清除病理蛋白、激活跨膜受体蛋白（Notch）通路与增强突触可塑性、发挥神经保护与抗凋亡作用，以及调节肠道菌群等。在5xFAD小鼠模型中，“智三针”表现出脑区特异性效应，与单穴“本神”“神庭”相比，“智三针”穴位组合具有协同优势，能更全面地调控腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶（AMPK）/蛋白激酶B（Akt）/雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）激酶网络。本研究为优化针灸治疗AD的方案提供了理论依据，有助于推动传统针灸疗法与现代神经科学的深度融合。.